Langenesis

Indo-European family

Punjabi

1100 CE – today Living

Punjabi (1100 CE – today) is a living Indo-European language. Lineage: Proto-Indo-European → Proto-Indo-Iranian → … → Shauraseni Prakrit → Shauraseni Apabhramsha → Punjabi.

See Punjabi on the interactive map
Speakers
113M (113,000,000)

Earliest literature attributed to Baba Farid (12th–13th c.). Speaker figure covers both Eastern (Gurmukhi, India) and Western (Shahmukhi, Pakistan) Punjabi. Tonal, unusually for Indo-European.

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4,500 BCE – 2,500 BCE
  2. Proto-Indo-Iranianc. 2,500 BCE – 1,800 BCE
  3. Proto-Indo-Aryanc. 1,800 BCE – 1,500 BCE
  4. Vedic Sanskritc. 1,500 BCE – 500 BCE
  5. Shauraseni Prakritc. 300 BCE – 600 CE
  6. Shauraseni Apabhramshac. 600 CE – 1200 CE
  7. Punjabi1100 CE – today

Sister languages 3

Also descended from Shauraseni Apabhramsha.

Sources